the head

The stone capital in architecture is the highest member of a column. The capital is derived from the Latin word caput meaning head. It is located between a column and the load introducing the force on the column. This part of the column helps to expand and increase its supporting surface. There are several large designs such as convex, concave and scrolling designs in them, which makes them diverse. This element occupies a very visible place in buildings and acts as a decoration due to its high visibility. This is the clearest sign of an architectural order. The details and design of the capital may help to show the history of the building.

Ancient Egyptian headstones fall into this category. They were usually made using papyrus and lotus plants. Palm trees also produced large capitals. In the 1st to 3rd centuries BC, other river plants were also useful for making them. During this period, the traditional head of the lotus also underwent changes.

The brackets of that time have the shapes of griffins, bulls or lions. The brackets are heavily ornamented and extend to the right and left to provide ample support to the architrave. The decorations under the capitals resemble the art of many cultures conquered by the Persian Empire. Some of these cultures are: Babylon, Egypt and Lydia. Decorations do not fulfill any architectural purpose but increase the beauty of a building.

Other pre-classical headstones include the Aegean headstone (1600 BC) ) mentioned in Knossos wall paintings and capitals found in Agamemnon's tomb. This tomb is located in Mycenae and its capital dates back to 1100 BC.

classical capitals have different types These include Doric, Lunic, Corinthian and Anta capitals. Among all of them, which was prevalent in the classical period, Doric is the simplest of them. This large design was used in the construction of the Temple of Apollo in Syracuse, Italy in 700 BC. The Lunic capital design in Ephesus (560 BC) was used during the construction of the Temple of Artemis. Of course, Lunik was also used much later in the temple of Athena Polias in the 19th century. Corinthian capitals resemble leaves carved in two bands. It looks like a cup of leaves that is immersed in another cup.

These are capitals with a strong influence of Iranian and Greek style. They have their roots in Northeast India, in the palaces of the Maurya Empire. They are among the most beautiful Corinthian columns and date back to the 3rd and 4th centuries BC. Other important designs include the post-classical European capital and the more recent Renaissance and post-Renaissance capitals. With continuous creativity and innovation in the field of architecture, newer designs can be created and improved.

Headstones play a significant role in the beauty and glory of a classical and neoclassical facade because it creates certain levels for the facade. Also, in classic kahrs all over the world, the use of sarstukhs is found in abundance, which includes special and diverse designs from the past to the present.